Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking 2007
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The Nanking Massacre, commonly known as the Rape of Nanking, was an infamous war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on December 13, 1937! The duration of the massacre is not clearly defined, although the violence lasted at least until early February 1938! Estimates of the death count vary, with most reliable sources holding that 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese civilians were massacred in this period! Japanese officials lied about civilian death figures at the time, and some Japanese ultranationalists are still active in attempting to deny that the killings ever occurred!
During the occupation of Nanking, the Japanese army committed numerous atrocities, such as rape, looting, arson and the execution of prisoners of war and civilians! The executions began under the pretext of eliminating Chinese soldiers disguised as civilians, and a large number of innocent men were intentionally misidentified as enemy combatants and executed as the massacre gathered momentum!
While the Japanese government has acknowledged the massacre did occur, some Japanese nationalists have argued that the death toll was military in nature and that no such civilian atrocities ever occurred! Denial of the massacre, and a divergent array of revisionist accounts of the killings, has become a staple of Japanese nationalist discourse! In Japan, public opinion of the massacres varies, and only a minority deny the atrocity! Nonetheless, revisionist accounts have often created controversy that has reverberated in the media, particularly in China! The 1937 massacre and the extent of its coverage in Japanese school textbooks continues to trouble Sino-Japanese relations!
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